近紅外熒光光學成像（又稱活體成像）是一種在分子水平上研究小動物病癥的技術。水和生物組織在近紅外（650-900納米）中具有小的吸光度和自熒光，從而允許有效的光子進出組織，且組織內散射較低。通過這個近紅外光線，生理上豐富的分子如血紅蛋白、氧血紅蛋白和脫氧血紅蛋白對光的吸收也降到低。具有生物相容性熒光劑的活體成像系統正在開發和優化，以用于近紅外光譜區域-確保大的光穿透和高的靈敏度。細胞粘附分子整合素參與多種腫瘤的血管生成和轉移。整合素在活化的內皮細胞和快速生長的實體瘤細胞中明顯上調，而在靜止的血管和大多數正常組織中表達低。 iFluor 750標記的單體精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（RGD）肽c（RGDyK）專門針對細胞培養和活體內的整聯蛋白。 iFluor 750-c（RGDyK）的體內功效取決于許多因素，包括受體親和力，特異性，分子大小，總分子電荷，親水性和代謝穩定性。

參考文獻

99mTc-Glu-c(RGDyK)-Bombesin SPECT Can Reduce Unnecessary Biopsy of Masses That Are BI-RADS Category 4 on Ultrasonography
Authors: Ji T, Gao S, Liu Z, Xing H, Zhao G, Ma Q.
Journal: J Nucl Med (2016): 1196

In Vivo Biodistribution and Anti-Tumor Efficacy Evaluation of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel-Loaded Pluronic Micelles Decorated with c(RGDyK) Peptide
Authors: Chen Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Gao F, Fang X.
Journal: PLoS One (2016): e0149952

Preliminary Therapy Evaluation of (225)Ac-DOTA-c(RGDyK) Demonstrates that Cerenkov Radiation Derived from (225)Ac Daughter Decay Can Be Detected by Optical Imaging for In Vivo Tumor Visualization
Authors: P and ya DN, Hantgan R, Budzevich MM, Kock ND, Morse DL, Batista I, Mintz A, Li KC, Wadas TJ.
Journal: Theranostics (2016): 698

c(RGDyK)-decorated Pluronic micelles for enhanced doxorubicin and paclitaxel delivery to brain glioma
Authors: Huang Y, Liu W, Gao F, Fang X, Chen Y.
Journal: Int J Nanomedicine (2016): 1629